Cluster
An OpenVMS cluster is a highly integrated organization of OpenVMS software, Alpha, VAX, or Integrity servers or a combination of Alpha and VAX or Alpha and Integrity servers, and storage devices that operate as a single system. As members of an OpenVMS Cluster system, Alpha and VAX or Alpha and Integrity server systems can share processing resources, data storage, and queues under a single security and management domain, yet they can boot or shut down independently.
Contents
Benefits
The benefits of an OpenVMS Cluster include:
- resource sharing: members of a cluster can share print and batch queues, storage devices, and other resources
- flexibility: application programmers do not have to change their application code, and users do not have to know anything about the OpenVMS Cluster environment to take advantage of common resources.
- high availability: redundant hardware components can be configured to eliminate or withstand a single point of failure
- nonstop processing: OpenVMS clusters facilitate dynamic adjustments to the changes in the configuration; one of the nodes can be taken out of the cluster for updates or maintenance while all of the workload fails over to other nodes
- scalability: computing and storage resources can be added or changed without shutting down the whole system or applications running on it
- performance: OpenVMS clusters provide high performance
- management: management tasks can be performed concurrently for one or more nodes in a cluster
- security: OpenVMS clusters share a single security database
- load balancing: OpenVMS cluster systems distribute work across cluster members based on the current load of each member
Hardware Componenets
OpenVMS clusters consist of computers, interconnects, and storage devices.
Computers
Up to 96 computers, ranging from desktop to mainframe systems, can be members of an OpenVMS Cluster system. Active members that run the OpenVMS Alpha or OpenVMS Integrity server operating system and participate fully in OpenVMS Cluster negotiations include Alpha servers and Integrity servers.
Physical Interconnects
An interconnect is a physical path that connects computers to other computers and storage subsystems.
| Interconnect | Platform Support | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| IP: UDP | Alpha and Integrity | Supports Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Internet on Alpha and Integrity, 10 Gb Ethernet on Integrity only |
| Fibre Channel | Alpha and Integrity | Node-to-storage only |
| SAS | Integrity | Node-to-storage only |
| SCSI | Alpha and Integrity | Node-to-storage and limited storage configurations only |
| LAN: Ethernet, fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gb Ethernet | Alpha and Integrity | 10 Gb Ethernet is supported on Integrity only |
| Memory Channel | Alpha | Node-to-node communications only |
| SMCI | Supports communications between OpenVMS Galaxy instances |
Storage Devices
Systems within an OpenVMS cluster support the following types of storage devices:
- disks and drives:
- Fibre Channel disks
- SAS devices
- SCSI devices
- Embedded devices, such as IDE and USB devices
- Digital Storage Architecture disks
- RF series integrated storage elements
- Solid state disks
- Tapes and tape drives
- Controllers and I/O servers:
| Controller | colspan="col" ! Interconnect |
|---|---|
| HSG and HSV | FC |
| LSI 1068 and LSI Logic 1068e | SAS |
| HSZ | SCSI |
| K.SCSI HSC in StorageWorks arrays on the HSC storage subsystem | SCSI |
Software Components
The OpenVMS operating system, which runs on each node in an OpenVMS Cluster,includes several software components that facilitate resource sharing and dynamic adjustments to changes in the underlying hardware configuration. If one computer becomes unavailable, the OpenVMS Cluster system continues operating because OpenVMS is still running on the remaining computers.
OpenVMS Cluster Software
| Component | Facilitates | Functions |
|---|---|---|
| Connection Manager | Member integrity | Coordinates participation of computers in the cluster and maintains cluster integrity when computers join or leave the cluster. |
| Distributed Lock Manager | Resource synchronization | Synchronizes operations of the distributed file system, job controller, device allocation, and other cluster facilities. If an OpenVMS Cluster computer shuts down, all locks that it holds
are released so that processing can continue on the remaining computers. |
| Distributed File System | Resource sharing | Allows all computers to share access to mass storage and file records, regardless of the type of storage device (DSA, RF, SCSI, and solid state subsystem) or its location. |
| Distributed Job controller | Queueing | Makes generic and execution queues available across the cluster. |
| MSCP Server | Disk serving | Implements the proprietary mass storage control protocol in order to make disks available to all nodes that do not have direct access to those disks. |
| TMSCP Server | Tape serving | Implements the proprietary tape mass storage control protocol in order to make tape drives available to all nodes that do not have direct access to those tape drives. |
System Communications Architecture
The System Communications Architecture (SCA) defines the communications mechanisms that allow nodes in an OpenVMS Cluster system to co-operate. SCA governs the sharing of data between resources at the nodes and binds togetherSystem Applications (SYSAPs) that run on different Integrity server systems and Alpha computers.
SCA consists of the following hierarchy of components:
| Communications Software | Function |
|---|---|
| System applications (SYSAPs) | Consists of clusterwide applications (for example, disk and tape class drivers, connection manager, and MSCP server) that use SCS software for interprocessor communication. |
| System Communications Services (SCS) | Provides basic connection management and communication services, implemented as a logical path between system applications (SYSAPs) on nodes in an OpenVMS Cluster system. |
| Port drivers | Control the communication paths between local and remote ports. |
| Physical interconnects | Consists of ports or adapters for CI, DSSI, Ethernet, ATM, FDDI, and MEMORY CHANNEL interconnects. PEDRIVER is the port driver for LAN (Ethernet) interconnect and starting with OpenVMS Version 8.4 PEDRIVER is also enabled to use TCP/IP for cluster communication. |
System Management
An OpenVMS Cluster system is easily managed because the multiple members,hardware, and software are designed to co-operate as a single system:
- Smaller configurations usually include only one system disk (or two for an OpenVMS Cluster configuration with both OpenVMS Alpha and OpenVMS Integrity server operating systems), regardless of the number or location of computers in the configuration.
- Software must be installed only once for each operating system (Alpha or Integrity servers), and is accessible by every user and node of the OpenVMS Cluster.
- With the shared SYSUAF file, users must be added once to access the resources of the entire OpenVMS Cluster
- Several system management utilities and commands facilitate cluster management:
| Tool | Supplied with the OS | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Accounting | ||
| VMS Accounting | YES | Tracks how resources are being used |
| Configuration and capacity planning | ||
| License Management Facility | YES | Helps the system manager determine which software products are licensed and installed on a standalone system and on each computer in an OpenVMS Cluster system. |
| System Generation Utility | YES | Allows you to tailor your system for a specific hardware and software configuration. Use SYSGEN
to modify system parameters, load device drivers, and create additional page and swap files. |
| CLUSTER_CONFIG.COM | YES | Automates the configuration or reconfiguration of an OpenVMS Cluster system and assumes the use of |
| CLUSTER_CONFIG_LAN.COM | YES | Automates configuration or reconfiguration of an OpenVMS Cluster system without the use of DECnet. |
| HP Management Agents for OpenVMS | YES | Consists of a web server for system management with management agents that allow you to look at devices on your OpenVMS systems. |
| HP Insight Manager XE | Supplied with every HPNT server | Centralizes system management in one system to reduce cost, improve operational efficiency and
effectiveness, and minimize system down time. You can use HP Insight Manager XE on an NT server to monitor every system in an OpenVMS Cluster system. In a configuration of heterogeneous VSI systems, you can use HP Insight Manager XE on an NT server to monitor all systems. |
| Event and fault tolerance | ||
| OPCOM message routing | YES | Provides event information. |
| Operations management | ||
| Clusterwide process services | YES | Allows OpenVMS system management commands, such as SHOW USERS, SHOW SYSTEM, and STOP/ID=, to operate clusterwide. |
| Availability Manager | YES | From either an OpenVMS system or a Windows node, enables you to monitor one or more OpenVMS nodes
on an extended LAN or wide area network (WAN). That is, the nodes for which you are collecting the information must be in the same extended LAN and there should be an interface that communicates with the collector nodes as well as the WAN analyzer. The Availability Manager collects system and process data from multiple OpenVMS nodes simultaneously, and then analyzes the data and displays the output using a native Java GUI. |
| HP WEBM Services for OpenVMS | YES | WBEM (Web-Based Enterprise Management) enables management applications to retrieve system
information and request system operations wherever and whenever required. It allows customers to manage their systems consistently across multiple platforms and operating systems, providing integrated solutions that optimize your infrastructure for greater operational efficiency. |
| Systems Communications Architecture Control Program | YES | Enables you to monitor, manage, and diagnose cluster communications and cluster interconnects |
| DNS | NO | Configures certain network nodes as name servers that associate objects with network names. |
| Local Area Transport Control Program | YES | Provides the function to control and obtain information from LAT port driver. |
| LAN Control Program | YES | Allows the system manager to configure and control the LAN software on OpenVMS systems. |
| Network Control Protocol utility | NO | Allows the system manager to supply and access information about the DECnet for OpenVMS (Phase IV) network from a configuration database. |
| Network Control Language utility | NO | Allows the system manager to supply and access information about the DECnet–Plus network from a
configuration database. |
| POLYCENTER Software Installation Utility (PCSI) | YES | Provides rapid installations of software products. |
| Queue Manager | YES | Uses OpenVMS Cluster generic and execution queues to feed node-specific queues across the cluster. |
| Show Cluster utility | YES | Monitors activity and performance in an OpenVMS Cluster configuration, then collects and sends
information about that activity to a terminal or other output device. |
| SDA (System Dump Analyzer) | YES | Allows you to inspect the contents of memory saved in the dump taken at crash time or as it exists in a running system. You can use SDA interactively or in batch mode. |
| System Management utility | YES | Enables device and processor control commands to take effect across an OpenVMS Cluster. |
| VMSINSTAL | YES | Provides software installations. |
| Performance | ||
| AUTOGEN utility | YES | Optimizes system parameter settings based on usage. |
| Monitor utility | YES | Provides basic performance data. |
| Security | ||
| Authorize utility | YES | Modifies user account profiles. |
| SET ACL command | YES | Sets complex protection on many system objects. |
| SET AUDIT command | YES | Facilitates tracking of sensitive system objects. |
| Storage management | ||
| BACKUP utility | YES | Allows OpenVMS Cluster system managers to create backup copies of files and directories from storage media and then restore them. This utility can be used on one node to back up data stored on disks throughout the OpenVMS Cluster system. |
| MOUNT utility | YES | Enables a disk or tape volume for processing by one computer, a subset of OpenVMS Cluster computers, or all OpenVMS Cluster computers. |
| Volume Shadowing for OpenVMS | NO | Replicates disk data across multiple disks to help OpenVMS Cluster systems survive disk failures |
