Process
A process is a context in which images run in OpenVMS. For example, when a user logs into an OpenVMS system, an interactive process is created for this user. If that user runs a batch job, a batch process is created. If that user spawns a subprocess, a subprocess is created. Services like SWAPPER, CLUSTER_SERVER, SHADOW_SERVER, JOB_CONTROL and others that perform system tasks also run as processes. Processes are characterized by their names and process identification codes; they are assigned a certain priority, run in a certain mode and are in a certain state at any given moment in time. Processes running on the system at the moment can be viewed with SHOW SYSTEM:
OpenVMS V8.4-2L1 on node STUDNT 18-NOV-2019 08:56:17.03 Uptime 16 08:06:40 Pid Process Name State Pri I/O CPU Page flts Pages 28E00401 SWAPPER HIB 16 0 0 00:00:01.03 0 4 28E00407 CLUSTER_SERVER HIB 12 34 0 00:00:00.07 159 194 28E00408 SHADOW_SERVER HIB 6 14930051 0 00:02:34.96 150 189 28E00409 CONFIGURE HIB 10 15 0 00:00:00.01 118 123 28E0040A USB$UCM_SERVER HIB 6 497 0 00:00:00.08 303 444 28E0040B LANACP HIB 14 105 0 00:00:00.01 201 253 28E0040D FASTPATH_SERVER HIB 10 8 0 00:00:00.01 140 167 28E0040E IPCACP HIB 10 8 0 00:00:00.00 110 139 28E0040F ERRFMT HIB 8 83189 0 00:00:00.90 194 234 28E00410 CACHE_SERVER HIB 16 70 0 00:00:00.00 99 123 28E00411 OPCOM HIB 8 806 0 00:00:00.07 971 133 28E00412 AUDIT_SERVER HIB 8 116 0 00:00:00.01 201 247 28E00413 JOB_CONTROL HIB 10 243 0 00:00:00.01 149 210 28E00419 SECURITY_SERVER HIB 10 49 0 00:00:00.03 457 585 28E0041A ACME_SERVER HIB 10 134 0 00:00:00.02 433 551 M 28E0041C SMISERVER HIB 9 109 0 00:00:00.01 303 343 28E0041D QUEUE_MANAGER HIB 10 255 0 00:00:00.11 249 321 28E00422 SMHANDLER HIB 8 52 0 00:00:00.01 272 277 28E00429 TCPIP$INETACP HIB 9 510 0 00:00:00.05 489 466 28E0042A TCPIP$BOOTP_1 LEF 10 1555 0 00:00:00.12 587 484 N 28E0042B TCPIP$FAILSAF_1 HIB 9 3716274 0 00:00:00.03 603 503 N 28E0042C TCPIP$FTP_1 LEF 10 233 0 00:00:00.04 923 611 N 28E0044C JDOE CUR 1 7 3380 0 00:00:00.46 10302 293
Process Mode
A process in OpenVMS can run in one of the following modes:
- Interactive is a process that receives commands interactively from a terminal. It is created by JOB_CONTROL when a user logs in to the system and terminated whenever the user logs out.
- Batch is a process that receives commands from a command procedure. It is created by JOB_CONTROL based on a batch job that a user has submitted whenever the user determines it should be run and a batch queue is available to run it. It terminates when it reaches the end of the command procedure file.
- Subprocess is a process created by an interactive or batch process using the SPAWN or PIPE command. It shares resources with the parent process and terminates when the user logs out of that process or the command submitted to PIPE is done.
- Network is a process created by network services such as FTP.
- Detached is a process running an image and created by the RUN command. It is terminated whenever the image exits.
Process Priority
Process priority is a number from 0 to 31 assigned to each process that the system uses to determine which process should run next. Interactive processes receive their base priority from the SYSUAF record - it is either copied from the default account (4) or assigned with the /PRIORITY qualifier when the account it created in the AUTHORIZE utility. Their priority can be changed with the $SETPRI system service or the SET PROCESS/PRIVILEGE command (ALTPRI required to increase the priority of your own process, GROUP or WORLD to affect the priorities of other processes). Subprocesses and detached processes receive their base priority from the $CREPRC system service or the RUN command. If none is specified, the priority of the creator is used. Batch processes receive their priority from the following, in order of preference:
- the SET ENTRY command
- the SUBMIT command
- the default queue priority set with INITIALIZE/QUEUE
For either command, increases are permitted only for holders of the OPER privilege.
Process State
Main article: Process State A process can be in one of a few states depending on whether it is running and if not, why not:
- COM (computable): the process is ready to run
- CUR (current): the process is running
- HIB (hibernating): the process is waiting for a specific time or request from another process; this is what most of the processes like JOB_CONTOL are doing most of the time
- SUSP (suspended): the process has been suspended with the SET PROCESS/SUSPEND command; it can only be explicitly resumed by another process
- LEF (waiting for Local Event Flag): the process is waiting for some event to occur before it can proceed (usually the completion of an I/O operation or keyboard input, etc)
- CEF (waiting for Common Event Flag): like LEF, but there are a few processes waiting for the same event to occur
- PFW (page fault wait): the process has made a reference to some part of its address space that is not currently in physical memory, causing a pade fault, and is waiting for the memory management code to get that page
- RWxxx (resource wait):
- MWAIT (miscellaneous wait)
- COLPG (collided page wait): the process has referenced a shared memory page for which another process was already in PFW state.
- states ending in -O (outswapped; HIBO, LEFO, etc.): the process has been swapped out of memory
The process state can be seen in the output of the SHOW SYSTEM command or obtained with the F$GETJPI() lexical function or the relevant system service.
